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Freeport Gardening Guide: Lettuce

This is a how to guide to help anyone get started in gardening.

Lettuce

Lettuce Seeds, Bronze Beauty:

Description:  (Lactuca sativa) Leaf.  A leaf-type lettuce, also known as Bronze Arrowhead. It is an All-America Award winner for 1947, the year it was introduced by the Germania Seed Company. Super-sweet leaves are blushed with medium bronze, mainly around the wavy leaf margins. This variety is heat tolerant and slow to bolt. Spectacular and flavorful!

Bronze Beauty Lettuce leaves with a plate of salad on a dreamy background.

Lettuce Seeds, Brown Goldring:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Cos. An exceptionally tasty and cold-tolerant bronze-tipped romaine lettuce. This type of lettuce has a crisp texture, juicy flavor, and impressive cold tolerance. Breeders and gardeners in the know consider this variety as an underappreciated gem. The conical heads are tightly wrapped and make an excellent scoop or canoe for filling!

Four whole heads of Brown Goldring Lettuce with a sliced head and cut leaves on a brownish background.

Lettuce Seeds, Buttercrunch:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Bibb/Butterhead. Buttercrunch has been setting the standard for classic butterhead type lettuce for many years. Its soft, buttery-textured leaves enclose a crisp, juicy, loose inner head of blanched, sweet-tasting leaves. Very heat tolerant and slow to bolt, Buttercrunch stays mild long after others have turned bitter. Developed by George Raleigh, Cornell University, and an All-America Selection for 1963.

Several Buttercrunch heads with a glass vase of chopped leaves on a white background.

Lettuce Seeds, Chadwick's Rodan:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Leaf. A beautifully bronze-tinged, loose-leafed lettuce developed by Alan Chadwick, the legendary Biodynamic farming innovator of the mid-20th century. This rugged variety is perfectly suited for dense plantings to fit into the French Intensive Gardening style that Chadwick employed. Sow seeds in bands for loose leaves or set plants 6 inches apart for larger leaves. Alan Chadwick did not write any books, and his gardens have since faded, but this gourmet heirloom remains a tangible part of his legacy - a reminder to us how important seed saving truly is!

A head of Chadwick's Rodan Lettuce taken in ambient light.

Lettuce Seeds, Chinese Narrow Leaf:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Cos. This is one of the sweetest lettuce varieties that makes a gourmet addition to salads. This has quickly become a favorite at the Baker Creek test kitchen for its silky texture and sweet flavor! A bolt resistant, fast-growing romaine that is very popular in China, especially in cooked recipes! Use the young leaves raw in salad, like a classic romaine, or allow the leaves to grow larger and add to cooked dishes, traditionally stir fried with garlic.

Closeup of Chinese Narrow Leaf Lettuce in a vase behind two bowls of salad greens with loose leaves on the side.

Lettuce Seeds, Crisp Mint:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) A Cos or Romaine-type lettuce. It has large, succulent, mint-green outer leaves surrounding crystal-white hearts: mild, sweet, and crunchy in flavor. Succulent heads come up to 10 inches in height and definitely stand out in the salad garden.

Closeup of Crisp Mint Lettuce.

Lettuce Seeds, De Russie:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Leaf. De Russie is a lightly bronzed lettuce speckled with purplish-red. The vivid olive green, leafy heads often look like they just came in out of the rain. Their deliciously crisp, crunchy texture does not disappoint. They are slow to bolt and tolerate cold fairly well—not surprising as the name suggests an origin in Russia.

A freshly harvested De Russie Lettuce head on a wooden background.

Lettuce Seeds, Devil's Ear:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Leaf. Originally, Devil’s Ear comes from Abundant Life Seed Foundation. It has very large, spreading, loose-leaf heads. Leaves are large, wavy-margined, and suffused in burgundy. We love its nutty, crisp texture and bitter-free flavor. Slow to bolt, and it stands a very long time in the garden.

Sun shines on some Devil's Ear Lettuce growing in the trial gardens at Baker Creek.

Lettuce Seeds, Flashy Butter Gem:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Cos. Nearly full-sized romaine type dappled in a lovely, deep crimson. Another “Flashy” introduction from Frank Morton, Shoulder-to-Shoulder Farm, this one is a high yielder, and also makes a great early baby romaine. Very tender and delicious!

Gardener holding a freshly cut head of Flashy Butter Gem Lettuce in the trial garden at Baker Creek.

Lettuce Seeds, Forellenschluss:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Cos. This is an old Austrian heirloom. Its name in translation means “speckled like a trout.” A superb, gorgeous romaine lettuce that is highly splashed in deep red. Very beautiful and tasty.

Forellenschluss Lettuce  with a wooden fish decoration on a dreamy background.

Lettuce Seeds, Green Mountain Celtuce:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Stem.This massive stem lettuce variety is popular in southwest China. Originally, from the Mediterranean, celtuce is a type of lettuce that is grown for its large, swollen stem. Green Mountain celtuce produces jumbo stems that remain crunchy, tender, and juicy as they reach epic proportions. The flavor is exceptional, with refreshing notes of cucumber and sweet corn. First-time celtuce growers will appreciate this carefree, prolific variety. Introduce something entirely new and delicious to your culinary repertoire with celtuce!

A single Green Mountain Celtuce on a wooden background.

Lettuce Seeds, Gustav's Salad:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Bibb/Butterhead. A highly refined, gourmet butterhead with a down-home back history. This compact, silky soft lettuce is excellent in many dishes. A butterhead better than any we have tried, this is a new staple in the salad garden or on your farm, reliable and next-level eating quality. This heirloom was grown by a local man in the Dutch Isles. He was known to deliver his signature lettuce variety in the basket of his bicycle, and he offered it in his small town for over 40 years. We are grateful that this man always allowed a small portion of the lettuce patch to go to seed so he could preserve the variety.

A bowl of Gustav's Salad Lettuce and a bowl of salad on a white background.

Lettuce Seeds, Hao Shan:

Description: (Lactuca sativa). Leaf. Our best tasting lettuce, incredible, rich, tangy flavor makes this Chinese lettuce the staff favorite!! The flavor has hints of Granny Smith apples and its distinctive taste makes other lettuce seem pale and bland by comparison. Goes great with poppy seed dressing, and it complements the flavor of apples and other fruit. Super easy-to-grow, this has become our favorite leaf lettuce of all time! Introduced to us as the “best” lettuce by friends in Japan, we are truly honored to offer this famous, crisp and juicy, salad lettuce of China.

Several Hao Shan Lettuce heads in wooden basket on a white background.

Lettuce Seeds, Heirloom Cutting Mix:

Description: (Lactuca sativa). Packed with brightly colored and unique lettuces (including equal parts Bronze Beauty, Buttercrunch, Baby Oakleaf, Ice Queen, Outredgeous, Tango, Freckles, and Crisp Mint), this flashy blend makes for a flavorful and eye-catching salad that brings old-fashioned taste to your home table. Folks can’t get enough of this delightful mix! Great for pot gardening and window boxes.

Heirloom Cutting Mix Lettuce growing in a terra cotta pot on a light blue background.

Lettuce Seeds, Henderson's Black Seeded Simpson:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Leaf. One of the best-tasting loose leaf lettuce varieties available. It was first introduced in 1879 by “Peter Henderson & Co.” of New York. This light green, crumpled lettuce has remained a favorite of gardeners and market growers ever since. Sweet and tender!

Closeup of Henderson's Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce.

Lettuce Seeds, Ice Queen:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Crisphead. Also known as Reine des Glaces, this wholly superior crisphead (iceberg) type shows excellent tolerance to cold, and makes a great crop to plant extra early or late! The frilled outer leaves are mild enough to use for leaf lettuce, or harvest as baby greens. With its darker green color and ever-so-slightly bitter interior, it’s widely regarded as the best crisphead type around!

Ice Queen Lettuce and a bowl of salad with a fork on a blue background.

Lettuce Seeds, Landis Winter:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Bibb/Butterhead. Roughwood Seed Collection acquired this dark green classic Pennsylvania Dutch winter lettuce in 1994 from the well-known lettuce collector Mary Schultz of Monroe, Washington. This is one of the hardiest, most frost-resistant lettuces we have ever grown. It even survived the Polar Vortex during the severe winter of 2013-2014. Each head reaches 11 to 12 inches in diameter with a loose butterhead appearance.

Landis Winter Lettuce growing in garden.

Lettuce Seeds, Little Gem:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Cos. This is a very small, green romaine type. One of the very best tasting lettuces we have encountered. A superb heat-tolerant variety that is sure to please! Famous among chefs and home gardeners alike!

Five rows of Little Gem Lettuce growing in the garden.

Lettuce Seeds, Lunix:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Leaf. Oak-leaf type lettuce that produces lustrous, deep red leaves. Very slow to bolt; the rich, red leaves and upright symmetrical form commend this one for market gardens as well as home gardeners who insist upon superior types. Also highly recommended for hydroponics cultivation and out-of-season low-tunnel production. This rare and antioxidant-rich lettuce contains nearly a day’s worth of vitamin A in just one 100-gram serving, more than any other lettuce we tested in 2020!

Lunix Lettuce leaves surrounding a bowl of chopped salad.

Lettuce Seeds, May Queen:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Bibb/Butterhead. This delicate butterhead is the crown jewel of the heirloom garden. Tender yellow hearts are gently blushed rose, and the leaves are ethereally soft with the buttery sweet flavor signature of an old-fashioned European butterhead type. Manageable medium-sized heads with early maturation and silky soft leaves made this a popular European heirloom during the early 19th century. This variety is high in vitamin A.

A head of May Queen Lettuce held by hand.

Lettuce Seeds, Merlot:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Leaf. Reputed to be absolutely the darkest red lettuce in existence, making it tops for anthocyanin (antioxidant) content as well! Leaf lettuce with wavy to frilly leaf margins and very crisp, waxy leaves! Excellent bolt resistance, and good cold tolerance for a late fall to winter crop. Recommended as a cutting type for baby greens production or cut-and-come-again harvesting. We feel, along with our friend William Woys Weaver, that this variety is destined to become a classic, and it certainly deserves it! A rich source of potassium and vitamin A.

Closeup of a head of Merlot Lettuce on a wooden table.

Lettuce Seeds, Merveille des Quatre Saisons:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Bibb/Butterhead. Translating to “The Marvel of Four Seasons,” this famous French butterhead is a standard for flavor and quality! A true marvel both in the kitchen and the vegetable patch. A pre-1885 heirloom; crisp and tender. The fine flavored leaves have a reddish color, and it can be grown almost year round in many locations. The ruby-rose leaves form a distinctly attractive rosette head, but can also be enjoyed as young baby greens.

Merveille des Quatre Saisons head in jar next to a small bowl of salad and dressing.

Lettuce Seeds, Miner's:

Description: (Claytonia perfoliata) A native wild plant that makes a delicate, refined salad green rich in vitamin C. This exceptionally easy to grow annual has become a mainstay of market farmers and home gardeners, as it is a cold hardy, cut- and-come-again green to grow in spring, winter and fall.  Samples of wild claytonia were collected in 1735 by botanist John Clayton. The common name miner’s lettuce is a reference to the prospectors in the 1800s California gold rush who would forage this common wild green to fend off scurvy. It is a supreme choice for temperate and northern permaculture design as it makes a carefree and nutritious edible ground cover, returning each season from dropped seeds.

Miner's Lettuce plant with a plate of salad on a dark background.

Lettuce Seeds, Outredgeous:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Leaf. The reddest of the reds, this stunning variety was bred and introduced by Frank Morton in 1998. The lightly ruffled, shiny leaves add a vibrant burst of color and crisp, sweet flavor to any salad. In August of 2015, Outredgeous became the first vegetable to be grown and eaten on the International Space Station! Outrageous!

Closeup of Outredgeous Lettuce head in a wooden box on a white background.

Lettuce Seeds, Pablo:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Head. Frilled, purple blushed and highly ornamental lettuce, with excellent flavor to boot! Pablo lettuce is an iceberg type that is more heat resistant. A sweet, tasty, and crunchy head lettuce! This market quality lettuce can stand up to heat and cold beautifully and the flavor is top notch.

Two heads of Pablo Lettuce on a stone countertop.

Lettuce Seeds, Parris Island Cos:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Cos. Parris Island Cos is a romaine lettuce that is beloved by growers, especially on the Eastern Seaboard, where it was originally introduced by Ferry Morse in 1951. Because it was bred for a South Carolina climate, it is super uniform, has upright leaves, observed disease tolerance, and moderate bolt resistance. The tender crisp leaves with delicate white hearts and the perfectly folded centers for scooping dips or holding dressings have won the hearts of gardeners for generations.

Several heads of Parris Island Cos Lettuce and a bowl of salad on a stone background.

Lettuce Seeds, Spotted Aleppo Syrian:

Description: (Lactuca sativa). Cos. One of the oldest varieties we offer! The history of this strikingly beautiful Mediterranean cos (romaine) type lettuce has been traced as far back as the Middle Ages. The long, narrow leaves were used as scoops for hummus and other purees. Spotted Aleppo was introduced to Europe from Syria in the late 1600s, and Philadelphia seedsman Peter Crowells advertised it for sale to U.S. gardeners in 1786. It is perfectly suited for growing in the summer garden, and is a delicious conversation piece in the summer salad bowl!

Spotted Aleppo Syrian Lettuce growing in a terra cotta pot.

Lettuce Seeds, Tennis Ball:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Bibb/Butterhead. Loose and petite heads, 4-6 inches in diameter, Bibb or Butterhead type. This variety is documented to have been grown at Monticello by Thomas Jefferson, who noted: “it does not require so much care and attention” as other types. We offer the correct, black-seeded original strain. Listed in the Slow Foods Ark of Taste, and beloved by many about a century ago.

Several heads of Tennis Ball Lettuce with a rustic wooden tennis racket on a gray background.

Lettuce Seeds, Tom Thumb:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Bibb/Butterhead. A delectably diminutive lettuce with buttery soft texture and sweet crispy flavor. Its size, at just 3-4 inches across (about the size of a tennis ball), is a perfect single serving. Better yet, it is super easy to grow. This heirloom dates back to the 1850s, and with its impeccable flavor has been winning converts for over 150 years. We love this pint-sized variety for compact container gardens, raised beds, and multiple succession plantings.

Tom Thumb Lettuce heads inheld in the hand of a gardener.

Lettuce Seeds, Yedikule:

Description: (Lactuca sativa) Cos. The ancient ‘greasy’ lettuce of historic Constantinople is excellent for salads and grilling. This is a romaine variety, with long leaves, a crisp center, and white seeds. It has been cultivated for 1,500 years in Istanbul’s famous Bostanlar urban gardens, which are now threatened by urban sprawl. Recognized by the Ark of Taste, Yedikule lettuce is known for its incredible flavor and tender, naturally oily leaves that need no dressing. Thanks to Kate Jantz-Koprivnik for growing and sharing these seeds. We are delighted to offer this gourmet and culturally significant lettuce!

YEDIKULE Lettuce head on a wooden background.